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In conclusion, a wide array of polyphenols spanning flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, and other categories have shown protective effects against the processes that drive PD neurodegeneration

In line with this, a study in rotating shift workers from the automotive industry found that NSW significantly reduced plasma concentrations of multiple immune markers, including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-2R, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-12, IL-17), chemokines (IP-10, MIP-1, MIP-1, RANTES), and growth factors (EGF, FGF, VEGF), indicating a broad suppression of immune pathways linked to circadian disruption and higher susceptibility to infection and cancer 113

It causes neuronal death while activating parkin-mediated mitophagy can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia and protect neurons (Sarkar et al., 2017

Splenic involvement in pancreatitis: spectrum of CT findings