e.g., female, pre-menopause), and exhaled CO test and will provide a venous blood sample (10 ml) to assess 3-HC/cotinine ratio (NMR)
In order to assess any adverse effects attributed to either placebo or nicotine administration, participants completed a 10-item questionnaire developed in our laboratory that included both bogus (blurred vision, dry eyes, fatigue, runny nose, hiccups), and rationally driven (throat irritation, headache, nausea, light headedness, dizziness) items
Figure 4 , in the binary classification of healthy leaf and diseased leaf, all the preprocessing methods and classifiers gave high recognition precision and accuracy of healthy leaves with over 93%
We selected nicotine consumption-related (include age of smoking, cigarettes per day, smoking cessation, smoking initiation), genetic variation related to coffee consumption and alcohol consumption as instrumental variables related to exposure factors, clozapine concentration, norclozapine and the ratio of the two as outcome variables
