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More specifically, research has found that heavy drinking affects fertility in these ways: Lowering levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH, and raising estrogen levels, which reduce sperm production Shrinking the testes, which can cause impotence or infertility Changing FSH and LH release, which impacts sperm production Causing early ejaculation or decreasing the ability to ejaculate Changing the shape, size, and movement of healthy sperm Along with affecting hormone levels, alcohol can also inhibit the function of the testes, preventing sperm from developing properly and reducing the sperms ability to move towards an egg

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122076 46

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590962 Received 03 August 2020 Accepted 29 October 2020 Published 17 November 2020 Volume 11 - 2020 Edited by Zhi Tian, University of South Florida, United States Reviewed by Leonardo Yuji Tanaka, University of So Paulo, Brazil

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