A 2025 narrative review published in PubMed Central identified serious safety risks associated with IV glutathione administration specifically, anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, and the lack of standardized dosing protocols and concluded that IV glutathione must be restricted to closely monitored clinical settings under physician oversight
There may also be differences in bioavailability of the two isomers of lipoic acid
We have asserted at every point in this process thats a great idea if you can demonstrate to us how that makes patients safer, and the board has yet to be able to enunciate a reason for wanting to exceed those national standard," said Brunner
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2026.1783888 Received 08 January 2026 Revised 23 February 2026 Accepted 23 March 2026 Published 15 April 2026 Volume 17 - 2026 Edited by Jos Roberto de Oliveira Ferreira, Universidade Estadual de Cincias da Sade de Alagoas, Brazil Reviewed by Ruolan Li, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China Ramoji Kosuru, Versiti Blood Research Institute, United States Updates Copyright 2026 Scenna, Bej, Cesare, Persichitti, Cimini, DAngelo and Castelli