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Tar and nicotine content: tar 5mg, nicotine 0.4mg
The composition of the oral bacterial and fungal species in the saliva changes, and therefore changes occur which alter the cell and tissue re-modeling, the suppression of apoptosis, and the secretion of carcinogenic toxins 29-31
Moreover, microstructural studies found that the generally higher fractional anisotropy (FA) seen in smokers may reflect an increase in FA that follows the initiation of smoking, but prolonged smoking appears to reverse this effect with a progressive decline in FA with increasing pack-years of smoking 34, 35
Emily described how she is working with NHS England and NHS Improvement to develop standard treatment protocol and treatment pathways to ensure people with SMI receive an appropriate smoking cessation intervention
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