Andreeff M , Jacamo R, Hoang NM, Zeng Z, Piya S, Burks J, Al-Rawi A, Borthakur G, Battula L, Zhang W, Han L, Mak PY, Mu H, Nguyen K, Ruvolo V, Wang X, Baran N, Mak D, Ruvolo P, Bueso-Ramos C, Benton CB, Konoplev S, Kornblau S, Carter B, Zal T, Konopleva M
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is a critical contributor to the progression of IDD through increasing oxidative stress in the microenvironment of the extracellular matrix (ECM) 5 , leading to ferroptosis and long-term persistent inflammation 6,7 , which would cause the loss of structure and function in the intervertebral disc (IVD) ultimately
Also shown are the adverse clinical outcomes associated with elevated systemic TMAO levels in subjects, and enhanced cardiometabolic phenotypes observed with elevated TMAO levels in animal models (46, 12, 13, 1618)
Researchers continue to investigate peptide interactions with cellular pathways, receptor activity, metabolic processes, and protein functions
