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Vapes can also be classified as Closed or Open systems and relates back to MTL and DTL

Other evidence of the possible irritant and inflammatory effect on cells comes from an in vitro study in which the exposure of tracheobronchial cells to electronic cigarette nicotine-free vapours was related to a concomitant increase in interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 cytokine production with a dose-dependent response and direct evidence of endothelial dysfunction.84 The association with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction is most likely mediated via nitric oxide pathways

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"We're putting things in e-cigs proven safe in foods, but it's not the same as putting it into a vapor and inhaling it," Foulds explains