cigarette sharing a smoke can act as a bonding ritual where synchronized actions like inhaling and passing trigger neural coupling and mirror neuron activity, while nicotine or THC stimulates dopamine release in the WWI Soldier and Sailor Sharing

(2025) study are clear: exposure to secondhand smoke poses serious risks to the behavioral health of dogs

The ROS is a single summary of the effect of smoking on the outcome, with higher positive ROSs corresponding to stronger and more consistent evidence and a higher average effect size of smoking and a negative ROS, suggesting that, based on the available evidence, there is no significant effect of smoking on the outcome after accounting for between-study heterogeneity

PMID 17716908

In 2013, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said menthol cigarettes are more harmful than other cigarettes, but their sale continues in the US as well as in India