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B12 deficiency is more common than you might think, especially if you follow a vegetarian or vegan diet, have digestive issues, or are over 50

Specifically, eligible studies included participants (P) with a confirmed diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency, interventions (I) involving oral or sublingual vitamin B12 administration, comparators (C) using intramuscular supplementation, and outcomes (O) reporting changes in serum vitamin B12 or homocysteine levels

NNMT as a regulator of metabolic health and adiposity

Vegans (people who dont consume any meat products) and people lacking intrinsic factors are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency