Meanwhile, the peptide market has grown into a multi-billion-dollar industry that has far outpaced the evidence supporting it
Preclinical animal studies further validate its neuroprotective potential: phillyrin A improves learning and memory in senescence-accelerated mice, activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice, upregulates antioxidant proteins (NQO1, GPX4), and normalizes cerebral iron content through modulation of TFRC, DMT1, FTH, and FTL gene expression (234)
This leads to H3K27me3 enrichment at the promoters of HSD3B, STAR, and CYP11A1, thereby silencing their expression and reducing progesterone synthesis
Downregulating NCOA4 expression blocks SVV to induce FTH1 dagradation and LC3-II consversion, thus inhibiting ferritinophagy (Fig